O型口蹄疫抗体金标试纸盒检测免疫动物抗体效价与攻毒保护关系

本研究目的在于用O型口蹄疫金标试纸条研究免疫动物抗体效价与攻毒保护之间的对应关系以及免疫牛抗体消长规律.用金标试纸条检测了口蹄疫O型疫苗质量标准规定的牛、羊和猪免疫和攻毒血清抗体效价及不同免疫程序的牛血清效价.结果显示,当牛、猪和羊免疫血清稀释≥1∶8时,试纸条是阳性结果,表示有99％的被免疫动物属于抗体水平保护范围;被检测血清稀释≤1∶2时,是阴性结果,表示被免疫动物抗体水平属于不保护范围;血清稀释1∶2～1∶8时,是阳性结果,表示有50％的被免疫动物属于抗体水平保护范围.牛在首次免疫8周后加强免疫可以获得良好的保护率和保护时间.通过本试验确定了金标试纸条检测免疫动物抗体效价与攻毒保护之间的关系及牛加强免疫最佳的时间.     

Products to alleviate the effects of necrotic enteritis and aflatoxin on growth performance,lesion scores,and mortality in young broilers

This study investigated the effects of necrotic enteritis challenge or a necrotic enteritis challenge with an additional challenge from dietary aflatoxin B₁ compared to broilers that were unchallenged. Also tested were products designed to help alleviate those effects. Lesion scores were higher in broilers challenged to induce necrotic enteritis, but this did not increase with added aflatoxin. The presence of dietary aflatoxin during a necrotic enteritis challenge significantly increased the negative effects of the necrotic enteritis challenge. During the necrotic enteritis challenge virginiamycin, Calibrin-Z, or a blend of Calibrin-Z, an organic acid, and yucca, helped to decrease the effects of the challenge. When birds are challenged with necrotic enteritis and dietary aflatoxin is present, Calibrin-Z had an advantage over all other tested products.     

The Effect of Hetastarch (670/0.75) on Urine Specific Gravity and Osmolality in the Dog

Background: Urine specific gravity (USG) is used clinically to estimate urine osmolality (UOsm). Although USG has been shown to have a linear correlation with UOsm in dogs, the relationship is altered when there are significant numbers of high molecular weight (MW) molecules in the urine.
Hypothesis: USG would no longer predict UOsm in dogs given intravenous hetastarch (670/0.75)(HES).
Animals: Eight healthy employee-owned adult dogs.
Methods: Prospective, controlled experimental study. USG and UOsm were measured every 30 minutes from t=0 minutes to t=360 minutes. Dogs were administered 20mL/kg of either NaCl 0.9% (control group, n=4) or HES (treatment group, n=8) IV over 1 hour starting at t=90 minutes.
Results: There was a decrease in UOsm in both groups starting at t=120 minutes and continuing for the study duration, and there was no significant difference in UOsm between treatment and control groups across all time points. There was an appropriate decrease in USG from t=120 minutes for the control group. In the treatment group, USG increased significantly at t=120 minutes ( P = .0006), t=150 minutes ( P = .0002), and t=180 minutes ( P = .0044). The largest increase in USG occurred at t=150 minutes with a mean USG of 1.070 ± 0.021 (range 1.038-1.104).
Conclusions and clinical importance: Urine specific gravity should not be used to estimate urine solute concentration in dogs following the administration of 20mL/kg of HES. In a clinical setting, the evaluation of USG following this dose of HES may lead to an overestimation of urine concentration.     

木材/蒙脱土(MMT)纳米插层复合材料的制备构想

基于聚合物 蒙脱土纳米插层复合材料的研究成果 ,综述了插层复合方法的原理、工艺过程和产品性能 ,分析比较了单体插层原位聚合和聚合物直接插层等方法。从木材与蒙脱土的结构和组成特性出发 ,分析比较了木材与聚合物溶解、熔融性的不同 ,讨论了利用插层复合原理制备木材 蒙脱土纳米复合材料的基本构想 ,并进一步提出了相应的技术路线和工艺流程概念图。     

Preparation and characterization of wood/montmorillonite nanocomposites

With montmorillonite (MMT) organically modified as organophilic MMT (OMMT) and water-soluble phenol formaldehyde resin (PF) as intermediate, Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) wood/MMT nanocomposites (WMNC) were prepared via nano intercalation compounding and characterized by XRD, SEM and FTIR. Results show that: 1) the preparation of OMMT is very successful; 2) the self-made PF can effectively intercalate into MMT to increase markably its gallery distance and even exfoliate its nano silicate laminae; 3) the XRD analysis indicates that some exfoliated MMT enters the non-crystallized region of microfibrils in wood cell walls and the crystallinity degree of wood in WMNC decreases; 4) the SEM graphs show that multiform MMT exists in WMNC. Some grains block in wood cell lumen, some layers adhere to the wood surface of the inner cell wall and some exfoliated nanolaminae even insert into wood cell walls; and 5) the FTIR analysis suggests that MMT and wood in WMNC perhaps interact via certain chemical bonding.     

土壤胶体在不同饱和度土壤介质中的释放与淋溶行为研究

采用饱和与非饱和填充土柱纵向淋溶研究方法,结合对流弥散模型方程（CDE）对穿透曲线的拟合计算,全面考察了土壤介质水饱和度、土壤水pH/离子强度、土壤孔隙水流速和土壤胶体颗粒大小对天然土壤胶体在实际土壤介质中释放、沉积迁移行为的影响。分别获取胶体扩散系数和阻滞因子值,定量说明实验中水化学、水动力学等条件的作用影响力。结果显示,介质不饱和条件不利于胶体的释放和淋溶;高pH和低离子强度条件对土壤胶体释放与迁移有利;淋溶过程的间断干扰,可以促使土壤胶体的增量淋溶释放;淋溶强度及胶体颗粒粒径大小,能够影响胶体穿透时间和穿透浓度峰值大小。     

镉在针铁矿和腐殖酸及其复合胶体中的吸附解吸行为比较研究

采用批平衡实验法,比较研究了重金属镉在针铁矿、腐殖酸及针铁矿—腐殖酸复合胶体中的吸附热力学和动力学特征。结果表明,在试验浓度范围内,三种吸附剂对Cd2+的等温吸附特征均可用Langmuir、Freundlich和Linear方程加以描述。其中以Langmuir方程的拟合效果最佳,线性相关系数为：0.991、0.996、0.999,由此得出的最大吸附量分别为41.67、38.46、45.46 mg/g,表明腐殖酸与针铁矿复合胶体较两者单一体系的吸附力有所提高,且所吸附的镉均难以解吸,平均解吸率分别为5.871% 、5.918%、1.068%。三种吸附剂对Cd2+的吸附可分为两个阶段,即吸附开始4h内的快速反应阶段和此后的慢速反应阶段,在前4h的快速吸附阶段,吸附量可达到平衡吸附量的90%-95%     

玉米赤霉烯酮污染日粮添加改性蒙脱石对断奶仔猪免疫指标的影响

【目的】研究1.0 mg•kg-1玉米赤霉烯酮（zearalenone,ZEA）污染日粮对断奶仔猪血液学、外周血T淋巴细胞亚群、血清免疫球蛋白和猪瘟抗体效价的影响,同时评价改性蒙脱石的脱毒效应。【方法】将36头试验仔猪按体重随机分为6个处理组（公母各半）,仔猪采用试验笼单独饲养;对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1组在基础日粮的基础上添加1.0 g•kg-1改性蒙脱石（商品名：Calibrin-Z）,试验2组在基础日粮的基础上添加1.0 mg•kg-1 ZEA,试验3、4和5组在试验2组的基础上分别添加1.0、2.0和4.0 g•kg-1 Calibrin-Z。预饲期7 d,正式期22 d。【结果】与对照组相比,日粮添加1.0 mg•kg-1 ZEA组能显著降低断奶仔猪血小板、淋巴细胞比率、血红蛋白含量、外周血CD4+和CD8+的比例、血清IgG产量和21 d仔猪血清猪瘟抗体水平（P＜0.05）,1.0 mg•kg-1的ZEA处理组日粮添加2.0-4.0 g•kg-1 Calibrin-Z能够显著改善ZEA诱导的免疫毒性（P＜0.05）;且随日粮Calibrin-Z水平的增加,血小板、淋巴细胞比率、血红蛋白和血清IgG线性升高（P＜0.05）。【结论】1.0 mg•kg-1的ZEA足以诱导仔猪的免疫毒性,添加2.0-4.0 g•kg-1 Calibrin-Z具有显著的脱毒效应。     

纳米胶体金免疫标记技术在牛病检测中的研究和应用

作者综述了以胶体金免疫渗滤法和胶体金免疫层析法为代表的纳米胶体金免疫标记技术近年来在牛病检测方面的研究和应用进展,并分析和预测其应用前景,为该技术在牛病临床检测领域的进一步研究与应用提供参考。